Horse racing is a sport that involves the riding of horses and the betting of money on the outcome of races. It is a popular pastime that dates back thousands of years and has been practiced by civilizations all over the world. While the sport has a romanticized facade where people show off their fancy outfits and sip mint juleps, horse racing is also a brutal sport that exposes the horses to extreme physical exertion and often leads to injuries, breakdowns and even death. There is much more to this industry than meets the eye and growing awareness of this dark side has helped to improve conditions for the horses and bring in new fans.
Racetracks often have multiple types of races with varying rules and prize money. Some of these races are more competitive than others and are considered ‘graded’. Graded races offer a higher purse, which attracts better horses and leads to more money being wagered on the winner. There are also’stakes’ races which have a higher level of prize money and are generally reserved for the best horses in the country.
A horse that wins a race for the first time is said to be ‘breaking his/her maiden’. This term also refers to a horse that has won a race over a specific distance, such as a mile or more. When a jockey has a good feel for a horse in the final stages of a race he is said to be ‘on the bridle’. The bridle is a collection of leather straps that fit around a horse’s head and connect the mouth bit with the reins so the jockey can control his/her mount.
In a close finish when it is impossible to tell who won a race it can be decided by a photo finish. A photograph of the finish is then studied by a panel of stewards to determine who crossed the line first. If no winner can be determined the race is settled according to dead heat rules.
There are different levels of races for a horse to compete in depending on his/her ability and fitness. The lower level of a race is called a ‘claiming race’ and this is where the horses that are not fast enough to compete at a higher class can run for a set price. This allows horses to gain experience and build up confidence before competing in higher level races.
Many claiming races are ‘conditioned’ which means that the horse must win his/her first two conditioned races before he/she can move up to the higher level of ‘open’ claiming races. In some claiming races there may be additional requirements such as a weight allowance or a minimum number of career starts.