Gambling is any wagering of something of value on an event that relies on chance or skill for a prize. Traditionally, this has involved money or material goods in exchange for a possible winning outcome, though it can also involve recreational activities like sports betting and card games. Gambling can take place at any venue that offers a prize to those who make a bet, including casinos, racetracks, and online. Many people consider gambling to be immoral, and it has a long history of being illegal in some jurisdictions. However, the practice continues to be popular among those who enjoy its thrills and excitement.
Gamblers use different reasons to gamble, including the potential for a large prize win, the chance to meet other people who enjoy the same activity, and an escape from boredom or stress. In addition, certain individuals are more prone to the urge to gamble due to factors such as an underactive brain reward system, boredom susceptibility, impulsivity, the use of escape coping, and past stressful life experiences.
The social impacts of gambling can be observed at the personal, interpersonal and community/societal levels. The personal level affects the gambler themselves, while the interpersonal and community/societal levels affect those who are affected by or interact with the gambler.
Personal impacts of gambling include financial strain, debt and credit issues, and emotional distress. These effects can escalate into bankruptcy and homelessness if the gambler is not able to control their spending. Those close to the gambler can be financially affected by their addiction, too, such as spouses and children who may be unable to afford basic needs like food, shelter and clothing.
It is also common for family members to feel neglected if their loved one spends most of their time gambling. They can experience feelings of resentment and anger if their loved ones are not able to fulfill other obligations due to gambling. In extreme cases, a gambling addiction can lead to a breakdown of the family unit.
In terms of workplace implications, studies show that compulsive gambling is associated with lower productivity and increased absences from work. This can be because of a fear of losing employment, or because of problems with focus and concentration in the workplace. Some employees may even find themselves lying to their bosses about why they have been absent from work, and some may even be fired as a result of gambling-related absences.
In terms of interpersonal harms, pathological gambling is associated with intimate partner violence and homicide, particularly when the gambler has a mental health condition. Other forms of harm that can be associated with gambling are petty theft from significant others and illicit lending. Moreover, problem gambling is often seen as a cover for other types of abuse, such as substance abuse and depression. Therefore, it is important to seek treatment for underlying mood disorders before turning to gambling as a way to cope. In doing so, the gambler can learn to manage their emotions and stress in healthier ways, such as exercise, spending time with friends who do not gamble, or practicing relaxation techniques.